Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A measure of the tendency of a chemical compound to maintain its original
chemical composition rather than break down to form a different chemical is called
a. | chemical stability. | c. | chemical dependency. | b. | atomic bonding. | d. | atomic
structuring. |
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2.
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Huge igneous rock structures have zones of weakness called
a. | layers. | c. | fractures. | b. | columns. | d. | joints. |
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3.
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The name for this type of rock means “from fire” in Latin.
a. | igneous | c. | metamorphic | b. | sedimentary | d. | sandstone |
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4.
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The name for this type of rock means “changed form.”
a. | igneous | c. | metamorphic | b. | sedimentary | d. | sandstone |
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5.
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The process by which different minerals melt at different temperatures is
called
a. | tempering. | c. | dissolving. | b. | partial melting. | d. | decaying. |
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6.
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A lava flow is a type of
a. | intrusion. | c. | dike. | b. | extrusion. | d. | sill. |
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7.
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The tendency for currents of air or water to separate sediments according to
size is called
a. | arranging. | c. | organizing. | b. | classifying. | d. | sorting. |
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8.
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Which of the following is NOT a common depositional environment?
a. | plain | c. | river | b. | delta | d. | beach |
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9.
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Layers and beds of sedimentary rock are examples of
a. | sandstone. | c. | stratification. | b. | massive beds. | d. | sea beds. |
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10.
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In stratified layers of sedimentary rock, what is it called when sediment
settles on the bottom and large grains settle on top?
a. | cross-beds | c. | graded beds | b. | massive beds | d. | reverse grading |
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11.
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In sedimentary rock, what are lumps that have compositions different from the
main body of rock called?
a. | ripple marks | c. | concretions | b. | mud cracks | d. | fossils |
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12.
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Most metamorphic rock forms as a result of
a. | foliation. | c. | chemical contact. | b. | magma flows. | d. | regional
metamorphism. |
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13.
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What type of rock texture results when extreme pressure causes minerals in
metamorphic rock to realign, or when minerals separate out into dark and light bands?
a. | mafic | c. | felsic | b. | foliated | d. | nonfoliated |
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14.
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The melting of rock does NOT depend on which of the following?
a. | the presence of fluid | c. | pressure | b. | the rock’s color | d. | temperature |
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15.
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The crystallization and removal of different minerals from cooling magma is
called
a. | partial cooling. | c. | fractional crystallization. | b. | partial
melting. | d. | negative
crystallization. |
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16.
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Which of the following pairs of texture and rock is correct?
a. | coarse-grained/granite | c. | fine-grained/obsidian | b. | vesicular/rhyolite | d. | glassy/pumice |
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17.
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The chemical stability of a rock depends on the strength of chemical bonds
between
a. | layers of rock. | c. | atoms in the mineral. | b. | physical
characteristics. | d. | two
minerals. |
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18.
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What type of sedimentary rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved
in water?
a. | clastic | c. | inorganic | b. | organic | d. | chemical |
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19.
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Sedimentary rock that is made up of rock fragments that become compacted or
cemented together is
a. | clastic. | c. | inorganic. | b. | organic. | d. | chemical. |
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20.
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Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary rock feature?
a. | stratification | c. | ripple mark | b. | mud crack | d. | delta |
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21.
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In regional metamorphism, the change in rocks is the result of
a. | changes in temperature and pressure over a large area. | b. | limited occurrences
in a single region. | c. | activity on one continent. | d. | changes that take
place only above or only below Earth’s surface. |
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22.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an extrusion?
a. | volcano | c. | volcanic neck | b. | batholith | d. | lava plateau |
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23.
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Which of the following is NOT a class of sedimentary rock?
a. | volcanic | c. | organic | b. | chemical | d. | clastic |
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24.
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Three factors that determine whether rock melts are
a. | heat, pressure, and the presence of fluid. | b. | pressure, the
presence of fluid, and crystallization. | c. | the presence of fluid, crystallization, and
heat. | d. | crystallization, heat, and pressure. |
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25.
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When magma forms by partial melting, which of the following mineral pairs melt
first?
a. | quartz/feldspar | c. | feldspar/biotite | b. | biotite/hornblende | d. | hornblende/quartz |
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26.
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Sediment that has grains of approximately the same size is said to be
a. | well sorted. | c. | moderately sorted. | b. | poorly sorted. | d. | very poorly
sorted. |
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27.
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Which of the following statements holds true for the angularity of
sediment?
a. | The depositional environment changes. | b. | The farther sediment travels from its source,
the smoother the grains become. | c. | The farther sediment travels from its source,
the more angular the grains become. | d. | The number of sedimentary rock features
increases as the sediment is carried further from its source. |
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Short Answer; worth 2 pts extra credit each. Write in complete
sentences for full credit.
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28.
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According to Bowen’s reaction series, minerals can form in two ways.
Explain these two rock formation processes.
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29.
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How are compaction and cementation alike? How do they differ?
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30.
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What is the difference between contact and regional metamorphism?
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | rock that forms when existing rock is altered by heat, pressure, or chemical
processes | b. | rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth’s
surface | c. | rock that forms when mineral deposits are compressed or cemented together and
harden | d. | the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is
destroyed, and forms again by geological processes | e. | rock that forms from the cooling and
solidification of lava at Earth’s surface | f. | rock that forms when magma cools and
hardens | g. | the process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains
and bind to form rock | h. | the process in which the volume and porosity of
a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments | i. | the process in which
one type of rock changes into another because of chemical processes or changes in temperature or
pressure | j. | the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from
cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting
point |
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31.
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igneous rock
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32.
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metamorphic rock
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33.
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metamorphism
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34.
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compaction
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35.
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sedimentary rock
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36.
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rock cycle
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | rock that forms when deposits are compressed or cemented together and
harden | b. | igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and generally light in
color | c. | rock that forms when existing rock is altered by the forces of heat, pressure, or
chemical processes | d. | rock that forms when magma cools and
hardens | e. | igneous rock that is rich in iron and magnesium and generally dark in
color | f. | a type of igneous intrusion | g. | rock that forms from the remains of plants or
animals | h. | rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a
suspension |
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37.
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igneous rock
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38.
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sedimentary rock
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39.
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organic sedimentary rock
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40.
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batholith
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41.
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metamorphic rock
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42.
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chemical sedimentary
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Essay; Extra Credit. Worth 4 pts. Write in complete sentences for
full credit.
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43.
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In your rock hunting collection, you have a representative sample of each of the
seven sedimentary rock features. Describe these seven rocks in your collection.
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